Sofia T.

Sofia has around 7 years of beekeeping experience and works with a family apiary of roughly 30 colonies in southeastern North Dakota. She focuses on honey production, hive equipment, wax handling and the practical work of running an apiary through a short northern season. She writes about honey harvesting and quality, beeswax, frames, hive types, tools, protective clothing and hive maintenance. Her woodworking and hive-construction experience informs what she writes about equipment and repairs. She belongs to a regional beekeeping association. Her articles here are mostly on honey harvesting, extraction, bottling and storage, and on hive equipment and hardware. Several of her honey-quality articles, including those on grading, refractometer moisture testing and fermentation, work from the USDA's published grade standards for extracted honey rather than rules of thumb, and her equipment articles come from someone who has built and repaired hive boxes and frames herself. Most of her articles are second-reviewed by Elena P., who checks the science in them, and Sofia reviews a smaller number of colleagues' articles on equipment and honey handling.